welcome to our site, this site will give you information about the hazards created by the mobile phones, and how to be safe from it. In this generation the mobile phones are being used so oridinally safe and the peoples are making wrong use with it. The peoples in this world are using mobile phones slapdashly without looking to their future. but many peoples don't know that there are some harmful effects of using mobile phones. We have made an attempt to find out the reality as such and looking for a meaningful conclusion. For this we are going through various research papers concerning this topic and trying to find out the results.Our project based on the Health effects of mobile phones radiation. Actually the cell phones and the cell phone base station antenna deliver radiofrequency energy to the user's body. However the base stations antenna do not much affect but it should not be ignored. This project includes main aspects of human exposure to radiofrequency waves. Maximum scientific evidence related to the brain cancer, DNA changes, memory standard, consciousness, and many other health effects occurs, will be presented sequentially. Specific absorption rate (SAR) also will be discussed in respect of human head, so as to decide the limit of exposures, which in turn will be compared with the reported value given by ICNIRP, ANSI, NCRP and others. Effects
Thermal effects are measurable as temperature increase. When electromagnetic waves exposed are to the body, field exert a force on the mobile ions present in the body, which causes them to move, resulting in electric currents, and the electr
ical resistance of the material in which the currents are flowing results in heating. This heat input causes the temperature to rise. It is found that it takes few minutes from the moment MR exposure occurs for the irradiated parts of the body to reach their final equilibrium temperatures. . For a 915 MHz dipole antenna with a time-averaged power output of 0.25 W (equivalent to a typical mobile phone), SAR of about 1.6 W/kg predicted along with maximum brain temperature rise of 0.11°C in the steady state. Microwave radiation emitted by cell-phones has the potential to heat up human tissue in the area of our head where the phone is pressed against. This thermal (heating) effect can cause headaches, fatigue, tissue swelling, tingling and other severe potential long-term damages.
Non-thermal effects
When the sample is exposed to RF/ MW, temperature increases due to RF energy deposited in the material and this increase in temperature is less than the normal temperature fluctuation of the material. This type of effect is called the non-thermal effect. Calcium ion efflux, blood barrier, melatonin, alterations in EEG, etc., are the non-thermal effects, which have been observed for low-intensity modulated radio frequency fields. One result of the recent international agency for research on cancer classification of RF energy as a possible carcinogen is the initiation of several new research programs.
Electrical sensitivity
ical resistance of the material in which the currents are flowing results in heating. This heat input causes the temperature to rise. It is found that it takes few minutes from the moment MR exposure occurs for the irradiated parts of the body to reach their final equilibrium temperatures. . For a 915 MHz dipole antenna with a time-averaged power output of 0.25 W (equivalent to a typical mobile phone), SAR of about 1.6 W/kg predicted along with maximum brain temperature rise of 0.11°C in the steady state. Microwave radiation emitted by cell-phones has the potential to heat up human tissue in the area of our head where the phone is pressed against. This thermal (heating) effect can cause headaches, fatigue, tissue swelling, tingling and other severe potential long-term damages.Non-thermal effects
When the sample is exposed to RF/ MW, temperature increases due to RF energy deposited in the material and this increase in temperature is less than the normal temperature fluctuation of the material. This type of effect is called the non-thermal effect. Calcium ion efflux, blood barrier, melatonin, alterations in EEG, etc., are the non-thermal effects, which have been observed for low-intensity modulated radio frequency fields. One result of the recent international agency for research on cancer classification of RF energy as a possible carcinogen is the initiation of several new research programs.
Electrical sensitivity
Some users of mobile handsets have reported feeling several unspecific symptoms during and after its use; ranging from burning and tingling sensations in the skin of the head and extremities, fatigue, sleep disturbances, dizziness, loss of mental attention, reaction times and memory retentiveness, headaches, malaise, tachycardia, to disturbances of the digestive system all of which can be attributed to psychological stress .
Blood Brain Barrier effects The brain is protected by tight junctions between adjacent cells of capillary walls, the so-called blood-brain barrier, which, like a border patrol, lets nutrients pass through from the blood to the brain, but keeps toxic substances out. Swedish researchers have studied the effects of microwave radiation on the rat brain. They found a leakage of albumin into brain via a permeated blood-brain barrier. Albumin is a protein that is a normal component of blood but that does not normally cross the blood-brain barrier. The presence of albumin in brain tissue is always a sign that blood vessels have been damaged and that the brain has lost some of its protection.
Physiological effects Most of the published physiological research, conducted primarily on laboratory animals, e.g., mice, rats, and hamsters, has concerned thermoregulatory mechanisms that quantify the ability of an organism to regulate its body temperature. Thermoregulatory capabilities of animal models provide basic information relative to human beings, which is essential to the appropriate evaluation and extrapolation of animal data to man. When rhesus and squirrel monkeys exposed to specific RF/MW in controlled thermal environments , the results demonstrated that the autonomic responses of heat production and heat loss will be mobilized efficiently. It was found that the magnitude of the physiological response is a direct function of the whole-body SAR . For acute exposure of the whole body to microwaves, the elevated of nonhuman primates in the cold is reduced by an amount, which is proportional to the field strength or SAR .
Behavioral Effects Microwave or radio-frequency exposure can lead to changes in the behavior of humans and laboratory animals. These changes can range from the perceptions of warmth and sound to lethal body temperatures. Heat generation in the tissues relates to this mechanism that results in the activation of thermal sensors in the skin and elsewhere in the central nervous system. Human thermal sensation, generated by RF/MW exposures studied by scientists, ultimately reaches to the conclusion that behavioral changes observed in RF/ MW exposed animals are thermally motivated. The MW-induced auditory effect and phenomenon of disruption of food-motivated behavior at a whole-body SAR of 4 W/kg also are examplesof another reproducible effect with established thresholds for humans and a number of animal species.
Brain cancer (brain tumor) Cancer is generally caused by genetic damage that happens inside an individual cell and it can develop anywhere in the body, and at any age. When cells divide at an accelerated rate, it starts to begin form a mass of tissue called a tumor. This tumor is fed by nutrients that diffuse through neighboring blood vessels and can also grow by forming a substance called tumor angiogenesis (vessel forming) factor. This factor stimulates the growth of an independent blood supply to the tumor. Tumors can cause destruction by putting the pressure on nearby tissues and organs, by invading the tissues and organs directly, it can make invaded tissues and organs susceptible to infection, or it can release substances that destroy tissues in close proximity to them. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes are another common cause of cancer.
How can we be safe?
• Not using cell phone for very long period. • Keep the mobile phone away from the body. • Do not use telephone in a car without an external antenna. • Use hands-free to decrease the radiation to the head. • You can use the anti-raiation products which are being available in the markets. • Reducing the time of wireless phone use and increasing the distance between the user and the RF source will reduce RF exposure. • If you must conduct extended conversations by wireless phone every day, you could place more distance between your body and the source of the RF, the exposure level drops off dramatically with distance. • You could use a headset and carry the wireless phone away from your body or use a wireless phone connected to a remote antenna etc.The measures described above would apply to children and teenagers also who are using wireless phones. Some groups sponsored by other national governments have advised that children be discouraged from using wireless phones at all. For example, the government in the United Kingdom distributed leaflets containing such a recommendation in December 2000. They noted that no evidence exists that using a wireless phone causes brain tumors or other ill effects. Their recommendation to limit wireless phone use by children was strictly precautionary; it was not based on scientific evidence that any health hazard exists.
